Runner of hydraulic machine having rotatable blades

ABSTRACT

Accommodated in the housing of the runner are levers of the rotatable blades, a cross-piece and a servomotor provided with a winged piston. The levers are fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades. With the cross-piece being arranged above the journals of the rotatable blades and pivotally connected to the levers. The blades are rotated by means of the servomotor having the winged piston which is provided with rotatable and fixed wings. The rotatable wings of the servomotor are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece. The invention can be advantageously used in the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines and in turbine-pump units of high capacity.

United States Patent [1 1 Kolesnikov et al.

[ 51 Oct. 29, 1974 1 1 RUNNER OF HYDRAULIC MACHINE HAVING ROTATABLEBLADES [76] Inventors: Alexandr Pavlovich Kolesnikov,

ulitsa Butlerova, 28, kv. 52; Gleb Stepanovich Schegolev, ulitsaSinyavinskaya, 12, kv. 29; Semen Abramovich Granovsky, P.S. Bolshoiprospekt, 77, kv. 3; Ljudmila Ivanovna Stankevich, Lesnoi prospekt,34/36, kv. 162, all of Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; Ljusien GrigorievichSmolyarov, deceased, late of Leningrad, U.S.S,R.; by Elena GavrilovnaSheshuko, administratrix, prospekt Metallistov, 80, korpus 2, kv. 64,Leningrad, USSR [22] Filed: Feb. 13, 1973 [21] Appl. N0.: 332,143

[52] US. Cl. 416/157, 416/168 [51] Int. Cl. F0ld 7/00 [58] Field ofSearch 416/157 A, 168, 168 A,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,260,311 7/1966 Kovats416/168 UX 3,291,086 12/1966 Haselton 416/245 UX 3,367,424 2/1968 Fukasuet a1 416/205 UX 3,647,320 3/1972 Chilman et a1. 416/157 FOREIGN PATENTSOR APPLICATIONS 1,111,453 10/1955 France 416/168 A 1,197,030 7/1970Great Britain..

238,437 11/1969 U.S.S.R 416/157 A Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell,Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman & Stern 5 7 ABSTRACT Accommodated inthe housing of the runner are levers of the rotatable blades, across-piece and a servomotor provided with a winged piston. The leversare fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades. With the crosspiecebeing arranged above the journals of the rotatable blades and pivotallyconnected to the levers. The blades are rotated by means of theservomotor having the winged piston which is provided with rotatable andfixed wings. The rotatable wings of the servomotor are rigidly fixed tothe cross-piece.

The invention can be advantageously used in the runners of Kaplan andDeriaz water turbines and in turbine-pump units of high capacity.

2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENIEUncr 29 1974 SHEET 10F 3 PATENTED DU2 9 I97- sum 2 or' 3 RUNNER OF HYDRAULIC MACHINE HAVING ROTATABLE BLADESBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to hydraulicmachines and more specifically to a runner of a hydraulic machine havingrotatable blades.

The invention can be most advantageously applied to the runners ofKaplan and Deriaz water turbines, as well as in high performancehydraulic pumps.

PRIOR ART In a prior art runner, e.g., a Deriaz water turbine,accommodated in the housing of the runner are levers fixed to thejournals of rotatable blades. The blades are rotated by means of ahydraulic servomotor having a winged piston via an intermediate shaftand a crosspiece. The cross-piece is pivotally connected to the leversof the rotatable blades. The pivot connection between the cross-pieceand the levers is provided by means of spherical pins with a sphericalhead and floating slide blocks accommodated in the slots of thecrosspiece. The cross-piece and blade rotating means are arranged underthe journals of the rotatable blades. The levers of the rotatableblades, the pins with a spherical head and the floating slide blocks arereferred to hereinbelow. An important hydraulic torque is applied to theblades of the runner, with the force induced by this torque beingtransmitted to the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft. This forcegives rise to a great bending moment in the cross-piece, therebyresulting in a high bending stress in the walls of the slots thereof, aswell as to a high torque in the intermediate shaft with a correspondinghigh torsional stress therein, which, in turn, results in considerableoversizing of these parts in high capacity machines taking into accountthe required strength of the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft.

The use of the intermediate shaft and disposition of the cross-piece andblade rotating means under the journals of the rotatable blades do notmake it possible to reduce the dimensions of the runner housing, whichis necessary for the runners of Deriaz water turbines operating under ahigh head or for high capacity hydraulic pumps, and causes difficultiesduring their transportation.

Furthermore, it is known to accommodate in the runner of e.g., a Deriazwater turbine, levers which are fixed to the journals of rotatableblades. The rotatable blades are rotated by means of a pistonservomotor. Translatory motion of the piston through a rod, crosspiece,link and the lever causes the rotation of the blades.

This runner is also heavy and difflcult to manufacture.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the presentinvention to increase the efficiency of the runner.

Another object of the invention is to improve the cavitationcharacteristics of the runner.

Still another object of the invention is to provide simpler structurefor the runner.

The above and other important objects are accomplished in that in arunner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising ahousing accommodating a cross-piece pivotally connected to levers whichare fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades and actuated by meansof a servomotor having a winged piston, according to the invention, therotatable blades of the winged piston of the servomotor are rigidlyfixed to the cross-piece.

This runner is simpler in design and lighter in weight.

It is advantageous to arrange the cross-piece accommodated in-the runnerhousing above the journals of the rotatable blades. This makes itpossible to reduce the runner housing size and to facilitate itstransportability, which is particularly important for high capacityDeriaz water turbines, and to reduce the diameter at the intersection ofthe axis of the blade rotation with the outer profile of the runnerhousing, whereby the cavitation characteristics of the runner areimproved.

A Deriaz water turbine having rotatable blades designed for a head of mand with 220,000 kw output, which is provided with the runner accordingto the invention, has the efficiency increased by 3 percent and thecavitation factor reduced by 0.09.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become moreapparent from the following examples of the embodiment thereof givenwith reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTA runner of a Deriaz water turbine comprises a housing I (FIGS. 1, 3)accommodating levers 2 of rotatable blades 3, a cross-piece 4 and aservomotor 5 having a winged piston.

The levers 2 are fixed to journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3. Thecross-piece 4 is mounted above the journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3and is pivotally connected to the levers 2. One end of a pin 7 is fixedto the cross-piece 4, while the other end of the pin, which is providedwith a spherical head 8, engages a floating slide block 9. Each lever 2is provided with a slot 10 extending at a right angle with respect tothe axis of the pin 7 with the spherical head 8, and the floatingslideblock 9 being accommodated in this slot 10. The blades 3 arerotated by means of the servomotor 5 having a winged piston, androtatable wings 11 (FIGS. I, 2) of this piston are rigidly fixed to thecross-piece4 (FIG. 1) by means of bolts 12, while fixed wings 13 (FIGS.1, 2) are attached to a stationary disc 14 (FIG. 1). Mounted within ahollow shaft of the turbine (not shown in the drawings) are hollow rods15 adapted to supply oil into the servomotor 5 and a central pipe 16adapted to supply air under the runner in order to improve itscavitation characteristics.

In another embodiment of the runner, the axis of the pin 7a with thespherical head 8a (FIG. 3) extends in parallel to the axis of rotationof the blades 3, thereby making it possible to provide for removal of acylinder 17 of the servomotor a provided with a winged piston. Thecylinder 17 is rigidly fixed to the runner housing la by means of bolts.The fixed wings 13a (FIG. 4) are attached to the cylinder 17 of theservomotor 5a.

The runner is simple in design and smaller in size.

We claim:

1. A runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising arunner housing; journals for said rotatable blades; a cross-pieceaccommodated in said to which the fixed wings are attached.

1. A runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising arunner housing; journals for said rotatable blades; a cross-pieceaccommodated in said housing above the journals for the rotatableblades; levers disposed in said housing; said levers being fixed to thejournals of said rotatable blades and pivotally connected to saidcross-piece; a servomotor for rotating said blades, said servomotorbeing provided with a winged piston having rotatable and fixed wings,and means fixing said rotatable wings rigidly to said cross-piece. 2.The runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades according toclaim 1, further including a stationary disc within the housing abovethe cross-piece to which the fixed wings are attached.